19th Century History: Most Popular Articles
These articles are the most popular over the last month.
Election of 1824
The election of 1824 was decided in the US House of Representatives, and when John Quincy Adams won, defeating Andrew Jackson, the entire affair was denounced as "The Corrupt Bargain." It was, until the disputed election of 2000, the most controversial American election.
The election of 1824 was decided in the US House of Representatives, and when John Quincy Adams won, defeating Andrew Jackson, the entire affair was denounced as "The Corrupt Bargain." It was, until the disputed election of 2000, the most controversial American election.
Election of 1860
The election of 1860 is one of the most important in American history, as it came at a time of national crisis and brought Abraham Lincoln to the White House.
The election of 1860 is one of the most important in American history, as it came at a time of national crisis and brought Abraham Lincoln to the White House.
Timeline: India in the 1800s
Britain's involvement with India began modestly at the beginnings of the 1600s, and by the 1800s British citizens living in India had created their own Anglo-Indian society. The British Raj, as it was known, was a fascinating chapter in history.
Britain's involvement with India began modestly at the beginnings of the 1600s, and by the 1800s British citizens living in India had created their own Anglo-Indian society. The British Raj, as it was known, was a fascinating chapter in history.
Election of 1800
The election of 1800 was significant and controversial, and was ultimately decided in the House of Representatives when Thomas Jefferson defeated Aaron Burr.
The election of 1800 was significant and controversial, and was ultimately decided in the House of Representatives when Thomas Jefferson defeated Aaron Burr.
Election of 1828
The election of 1828 was one of the dirtiest in American history, and by the time Andrew Jackson won the elecion, charges and accusations had tarnished the reputation of both Jackson and the incumbent he ran against, John Quincy Adams.
The election of 1828 was one of the dirtiest in American history, and by the time Andrew Jackson won the elecion, charges and accusations had tarnished the reputation of both Jackson and the incumbent he ran against, John Quincy Adams.
Timelines of the 1800s
The 19th century was a time of tremendous change, and this comprehensive timeline will help you navigate through the decades of the 1800s.
The 19th century was a time of tremendous change, and this comprehensive timeline will help you navigate through the decades of the 1800s.
Brief History of Whaling
The whaling industry flourished in New England from about 1820 to 1860, until the demand for oil for illumination was replaced by oil taken from the ground.
The whaling industry flourished in New England from about 1820 to 1860, until the demand for oil for illumination was replaced by oil taken from the ground.
Retreat from Kabul, 1842
A British force occupied the Afghan capital of Kabul in the late 1830s, but a revolt forced 16,000 to retreat from the city in January 1842. The columns of British troops were attacked mercilessly by Afghan tribesmen, and only one man, an army surgeon, lived to tell the story.
A British force occupied the Afghan capital of Kabul in the late 1830s, but a revolt forced 16,000 to retreat from the city in January 1842. The columns of British troops were attacked mercilessly by Afghan tribesmen, and only one man, an army surgeon, lived to tell the story.
New York's Five Points
Learn about the Five Points, a notorious neighborhood in New York City in the 1800s. The area, named for the intersection of several streets, was home to gangs, and reformers constantly cited it as one of the most dangerous areas in the world.
Learn about the Five Points, a notorious neighborhood in New York City in the 1800s. The area, named for the intersection of several streets, was home to gangs, and reformers constantly cited it as one of the most dangerous areas in the world.
H.M.S. Beagle
When the British Admiralty sent the ship H.M.S. Beagle around the world in the early 1800s the research vessel carried a "gentleman passenger" whose observations would help lead to his writings about the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin, who would spend nearly five years on the voyage, would have his thinking influenced by his observations in South America, the Galapagos Islands, and the South Pacific.
When the British Admiralty sent the ship H.M.S. Beagle around the world in the early 1800s the research vessel carried a "gentleman passenger" whose observations would help lead to his writings about the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin, who would spend nearly five years on the voyage, would have his thinking influenced by his observations in South America, the Galapagos Islands, and the South Pacific.
Irish History: The 1800s
The history of Ireland in the 1800s was marked by the Great Famine as well as by a series of rebellions against British rule.
The history of Ireland in the 1800s was marked by the Great Famine as well as by a series of rebellions against British rule.
Political Parties of the 1800s
The 19th century gave birth to today's political parties, but it also saw the emergence and extinction of a number of other parties. Some were the parties of presidents, and some seemed to have been doomed for failure and obscurity.
The 19th century gave birth to today's political parties, but it also saw the emergence and extinction of a number of other parties. Some were the parties of presidents, and some seemed to have been doomed for failure and obscurity.
Know-Nothing Party
Learn about the American political party called the Know-Nothings, which campaigned against immigrants, specifically new arrivals from Ireland in the 1840s and 1850s.
Learn about the American political party called the Know-Nothings, which campaigned against immigrants, specifically new arrivals from Ireland in the 1840s and 1850s.
Assassination of Lincoln
The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865 shocked the United States just at the end of the Civil War. The horrifying news traveled quickly by telegraph, and newspapers across the country published special editions informing the public of the tragedy. Illustrated magazines soon allowed citizens to get a sense of what had happened. Images of the Lincoln assassination were fascinating then, and remain so to this day.
The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865 shocked the United States just at the end of the Civil War. The horrifying news traveled quickly by telegraph, and newspapers across the country published special editions informing the public of the tragedy. Illustrated magazines soon allowed citizens to get a sense of what had happened. Images of the Lincoln assassination were fascinating then, and remain so to this day.
Abraham Lincoln Timeline
The timeline of the life of Abraham Lincoln's early life documents the 16th president's rise from his humble birth in a log cabin in Kentucky to his career as an Illinois lawyer and potential presidential candidate.
The timeline of the life of Abraham Lincoln's early life documents the 16th president's rise from his humble birth in a log cabin in Kentucky to his career as an Illinois lawyer and potential presidential candidate.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was envisioned as a compromise over slavery, but it wound up inflaming passions on both sides of the issue and becoming a major stepping stone on the path to Civil War.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was envisioned as a compromise over slavery, but it wound up inflaming passions on both sides of the issue and becoming a major stepping stone on the path to Civil War.
Compromise of 1877
Definition of Compromise of 1877
Definition of Compromise of 1877
Custer: Facts and Photos
George Armstrong Custer defined an era in the American West, and the tragic circumstances of his death at the Little Bighorn in 1876 horrified and captivated the nation. Before meeting his end on the plains, he served with some distinction in the Civil War.
George Armstrong Custer defined an era in the American West, and the tragic circumstances of his death at the Little Bighorn in 1876 horrified and captivated the nation. Before meeting his end on the plains, he served with some distinction in the Civil War.
1814 Burning of Washington
The burning of Washington in 1814 by British troops was a humiliating episode in American history which is generally overshadowed by the events of three weeks later, which inspired Francis Scott Key to write the "Star-Spangled Banner."
The burning of Washington in 1814 by British troops was a humiliating episode in American history which is generally overshadowed by the events of three weeks later, which inspired Francis Scott Key to write the "Star-Spangled Banner."
Missouri Compromise
The crisis prompted in 1820 when Missouri sought to enter the Union as a slave state resulted in a great compromise which attempted to lessen the enormous tensions caused by slavery, the great divisive issue in early 19th century America.
The crisis prompted in 1820 when Missouri sought to enter the Union as a slave state resulted in a great compromise which attempted to lessen the enormous tensions caused by slavery, the great divisive issue in early 19th century America.
1840 Presidential Campaign
The 1840 American presidential campaign waged by William Henry Harrison and Martin Van Buren employed songs and slogans and was the precursor of the modern political campaign. It produced the immortal slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" as well as a president who only served a month in office.
The 1840 American presidential campaign waged by William Henry Harrison and Martin Van Buren employed songs and slogans and was the precursor of the modern political campaign. It produced the immortal slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" as well as a president who only served a month in office.
Battle of Fredericksburg
The Battle of Fredericksburg made it clear that the Civil War would not be a short affair. Abraham Lincoln had hoped the rebellion of the southern states would end in late 1862, with the Union Army attacking Robert E. Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virginia to win war. But the Union attack went horribly wrong, the Confederates scored a major victory, and the citizens of the northern states sadly realized that the war was nowhere close to being finished.
The Battle of Fredericksburg made it clear that the Civil War would not be a short affair. Abraham Lincoln had hoped the rebellion of the southern states would end in late 1862, with the Union Army attacking Robert E. Lee's army at Fredericksburg, Virginia to win war. But the Union attack went horribly wrong, the Confederates scored a major victory, and the citizens of the northern states sadly realized that the war was nowhere close to being finished.
1800-1810 Timeline
The decade from 1800 to 1810 represented a time of expansion and exploration in the United States and a time of warfare and turmoil in Europe.
The decade from 1800 to 1810 represented a time of expansion and exploration in the United States and a time of warfare and turmoil in Europe.
The Mexican War
The Mexican War, fought between the United States and Mexico in the mid-1840s, was a triumph for the US and greatly increased American territory. It was wildly popular in its day though some critics denounced it at the time, and its origins remain a topic of debate to this day. Military leaders of the American Civil War, including Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, received valuable experience in Mexican battles.
The Mexican War, fought between the United States and Mexico in the mid-1840s, was a triumph for the US and greatly increased American territory. It was wildly popular in its day though some critics denounced it at the time, and its origins remain a topic of debate to this day. Military leaders of the American Civil War, including Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, received valuable experience in Mexican battles.
The Great Famine
The Great Famine that ravaged the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s caused widespread starvation, thanks in part to the British Empire's handling of the crisis. The population of Ireland would be cut in half, and waves of Irish immigrants landing in North America would have effects that resonated for decades. Lowly spores infecting the potato would eventually remake both Ireland and the United States.
The Great Famine that ravaged the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s caused widespread starvation, thanks in part to the British Empire's handling of the crisis. The population of Ireland would be cut in half, and waves of Irish immigrants landing in North America would have effects that resonated for decades. Lowly spores infecting the potato would eventually remake both Ireland and the United States.
Irish Rebellions of the 1800s
Ireland was marked by a series of rebellions throughout the 1800s as the Irish fought against British rule. The century of rebellion actually began with the Uprising of 1798, which was closely followed by the uprising organized by Robert Emmett in 1803. The Fenian Uprising occurred mid-century, and other agitation and outright revolt against the British took place throughout the entire century.
Ireland was marked by a series of rebellions throughout the 1800s as the Irish fought against British rule. The century of rebellion actually began with the Uprising of 1798, which was closely followed by the uprising organized by Robert Emmett in 1803. The Fenian Uprising occurred mid-century, and other agitation and outright revolt against the British took place throughout the entire century.
1830-1840 Timeline
The 1830s was a decade marked by railroad building in America, Opium Wars in Asia, and the ascension to the British throne of the woman who whose name would come to define the century, Queen Victoria.
The 1830s was a decade marked by railroad building in America, Opium Wars in Asia, and the ascension to the British throne of the woman who whose name would come to define the century, Queen Victoria.
The Gettysburg Address
The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln is often quoted, especially the conclusion referring to government "of the people, by the people, and for the people." Lincoln's words are regarded as a classic document in American history. The speech is brief, yet Lincoln put a lot of thought into it. As the Civil War had turned into a long and very costly struggle, Lincoln felt the need to express, in nearly mythic terms, why the war was being fought.
The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln is often quoted, especially the conclusion referring to government "of the people, by the people, and for the people." Lincoln's words are regarded as a classic document in American history. The speech is brief, yet Lincoln put a lot of thought into it. As the Civil War had turned into a long and very costly struggle, Lincoln felt the need to express, in nearly mythic terms, why the war was being fought.
19th Century Christmas
The history of Christmas celebrations really began in the 19th century, when Santa Claus and Christmas trees became popular thanks to such characters as Clement Clarke Moore, Washington Irving, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, cartoonist Thomas Nast, and President Benjamin Harrison.
The history of Christmas celebrations really began in the 19th century, when Santa Claus and Christmas trees became popular thanks to such characters as Clement Clarke Moore, Washington Irving, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, cartoonist Thomas Nast, and President Benjamin Harrison.
Tecumseh
The Indian chief Tecumseh led a confederation of Indian tribes against encroachment by whites upon Indian lands in what is now Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. His conflict with William Henry Harrison became a frontier legend, and after his death in the War of 1812 he was a respected figure in both the Indian and white cultures.
The Indian chief Tecumseh led a confederation of Indian tribes against encroachment by whites upon Indian lands in what is now Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. His conflict with William Henry Harrison became a frontier legend, and after his death in the War of 1812 he was a respected figure in both the Indian and white cultures.
Johnstown Flood
The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889 was the biggest news story to hit American since the Civil War. More than 2,000 people were killed when a wall of water sped down a valley and devastated an industrial town in western Pennsylvania, in calamity that was, by most accounts, avoidable.
The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889 was the biggest news story to hit American since the Civil War. More than 2,000 people were killed when a wall of water sped down a valley and devastated an industrial town in western Pennsylvania, in calamity that was, by most accounts, avoidable.
US Fights the Barbary Pirates
The United States fought a naval war against North African pirates during the administration of Thomas Jefferson. For more than a decade, the young country had paid tribute to the pirates to allow American ships to proceed without being attacked, but Thomas Jefferson called a halt to the tribute payments. The US Navy, and the US Marines, fought the Barbary Pirates and eventually put an end to their days of attacking civilian ships.
The United States fought a naval war against North African pirates during the administration of Thomas Jefferson. For more than a decade, the young country had paid tribute to the pirates to allow American ships to proceed without being attacked, but Thomas Jefferson called a halt to the tribute payments. The US Navy, and the US Marines, fought the Barbary Pirates and eventually put an end to their days of attacking civilian ships.
Krakatoa Volcano
The colossal eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa in the Pacific Ocean became a worldwide weather and media event in 1883. Sunsets around the world were colored red by particles blasted into the atmosphere, and the news traveling by telegraph brought amazing accounts to newspaper readers around the globe.
The colossal eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa in the Pacific Ocean became a worldwide weather and media event in 1883. Sunsets around the world were colored red by particles blasted into the atmosphere, and the news traveling by telegraph brought amazing accounts to newspaper readers around the globe.
Election of 1876
The election of 1876 was close and controversial, and the winner of the popular vote was denied the White House. In a deal made with a congressional commission, Rutherford B. Hayes wound up defeating Samuel J. Tilden, who had probably won the election.
The election of 1876 was close and controversial, and the winner of the popular vote was denied the White House. In a deal made with a congressional commission, Rutherford B. Hayes wound up defeating Samuel J. Tilden, who had probably won the election.
Haymarket Riot
The riot in Haymarket Square in Chicago in May 1886 began when a bomb was thrown into a crowd of protesters. Police and civilians died and the American labor movement suffered a serious setback. Anarchists were arrested for the bombing, convicted and hanged, though their trial was later found to have been unfair.
The riot in Haymarket Square in Chicago in May 1886 began when a bomb was thrown into a crowd of protesters. Police and civilians died and the American labor movement suffered a serious setback. Anarchists were arrested for the bombing, convicted and hanged, though their trial was later found to have been unfair.
The Golden Spike is Driven
The final spike for the transcontinental railroad was driven on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Point, Utah.
The final spike for the transcontinental railroad was driven on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Point, Utah.
Classic Slave Narratives
A handful of accounts written by former slaves have been hailed as classics of American writing. These authors, all of whom struggled to achieve freedom, told their stories and helped galvanize the abolition movement in America.
A handful of accounts written by former slaves have been hailed as classics of American writing. These authors, all of whom struggled to achieve freedom, told their stories and helped galvanize the abolition movement in America.
Senator Beaten With a Cane
Tensions over slavery boiled over in May 1856, as attacks in Kansas amounted to a small-scale civil war. And the violence even reached the US Capitol, where a Congressman from South Carolina, Preston Brooks, beat a Senator from Massachusetts, Charles Sumner. Brooks felt that a speech Sumner gave condemning slavery deserved physical punishment.
Tensions over slavery boiled over in May 1856, as attacks in Kansas amounted to a small-scale civil war. And the violence even reached the US Capitol, where a Congressman from South Carolina, Preston Brooks, beat a Senator from Massachusetts, Charles Sumner. Brooks felt that a speech Sumner gave condemning slavery deserved physical punishment.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates in 1858 took place in a Senate race in Illinois, yet they had national significance. Abraham Lincoln was known locally as a rising political star, and Senator Stephen A. Douglas already stood near the zenith of American politics. Their seven Lincoln-Douglas Debates across Illinois dealt with the critical issue of the day, and was a prelude to Lincoln's election as president and the outbreak of Civil War.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates in 1858 took place in a Senate race in Illinois, yet they had national significance. Abraham Lincoln was known locally as a rising political star, and Senator Stephen A. Douglas already stood near the zenith of American politics. Their seven Lincoln-Douglas Debates across Illinois dealt with the critical issue of the day, and was a prelude to Lincoln's election as president and the outbreak of Civil War.
1807 US Slave Trade Act
The United States Constitution mandated that no law prohibiting the importation of slaves could be passed until 1808. And the US Congress and President Thomas Jefferson passed a law in early 1807 that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade on January 1, 1808.
The United States Constitution mandated that no law prohibiting the importation of slaves could be passed until 1808. And the US Congress and President Thomas Jefferson passed a law in early 1807 that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade on January 1, 1808.
Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall was political machine that ran New York City through a system of political patronage, and it was the epitome of corrupt politics in the 1800s. Started in the 1780s as a patriotic and social club, the organization evolved into a power center and was the political home of such figures as Martin Van Buren, William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, and Richard "Boss" Croker.
Tammany Hall was political machine that ran New York City through a system of political patronage, and it was the epitome of corrupt politics in the 1800s. Started in the 1780s as a patriotic and social club, the organization evolved into a power center and was the political home of such figures as Martin Van Buren, William Marcy "Boss" Tweed, and Richard "Boss" Croker.
Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor
The great Prussian diplomat and political strategist Otto von Bismarck provoked several wars while engaging in his life's work of unifying Germany in the late 1800s. The "Iron Chancellor" essentially led Germany for decades, and was one of the most influential figures of the 19th century.
The great Prussian diplomat and political strategist Otto von Bismarck provoked several wars while engaging in his life's work of unifying Germany in the late 1800s. The "Iron Chancellor" essentially led Germany for decades, and was one of the most influential figures of the 19th century.
John Brown
John Brown remains one of the most controversial figures of the 19th century. A fanatical abolitionist, he was fixated on using violence to eradicate slavery, killing pro-slavery settlers in Kansas before leading an audacious raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was hanged and his martyrdom helped inflame tensions and led to the American Civil War.
John Brown remains one of the most controversial figures of the 19th century. A fanatical abolitionist, he was fixated on using violence to eradicate slavery, killing pro-slavery settlers in Kansas before leading an audacious raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was hanged and his martyrdom helped inflame tensions and led to the American Civil War.
Building the Erie Canal
The Erie Canal, built between 1817 and 1825, dramatically transformed the young American nation by making trade possible between the cities of the east coast and the inland territories. The canal was an engineering marvel, and its economic success made New York known as the "Empire State."
The Erie Canal, built between 1817 and 1825, dramatically transformed the young American nation by making trade possible between the cities of the east coast and the inland territories. The canal was an engineering marvel, and its economic success made New York known as the "Empire State."
John Muir biography
Scottish-born John Muir was a strong advocate for the US National Parks. He explored in the western United States in the late 1800s and is always associated with California's Yosemite Valley. Muir's advocacy for conservation and his moving writings on the subject led to the conservation movement and was a major factor in the establishment of the United States National Parks.
Scottish-born John Muir was a strong advocate for the US National Parks. He explored in the western United States in the late 1800s and is always associated with California's Yosemite Valley. Muir's advocacy for conservation and his moving writings on the subject led to the conservation movement and was a major factor in the establishment of the United States National Parks.
Electric Christmas Lights
The introduction of electric Christmas lights in the 1880s was due to Edward Johnson, a friend and business associate of Thomas Edison. Johnson's family Christmas tree was the first to feature electric lights, and newspapers of the day marveled over his innovation.
The introduction of electric Christmas lights in the 1880s was due to Edward Johnson, a friend and business associate of Thomas Edison. Johnson's family Christmas tree was the first to feature electric lights, and newspapers of the day marveled over his innovation.
The Brooklyn Bridge
New York's Brooklyn Bridge was the greatest engineering achievement of its era when it was finished in 1883. During its 14 years of construction skeptics thought it would collapse, but more than 125 years later, its a beautiful landmark and a very practical conveyance used by thousands of commuters everyday.
New York's Brooklyn Bridge was the greatest engineering achievement of its era when it was finished in 1883. During its 14 years of construction skeptics thought it would collapse, but more than 125 years later, its a beautiful landmark and a very practical conveyance used by thousands of commuters everyday.
Col. Myles Keogh of the 7th Cavalry Was Buried at the Little Bighorn Site
The body of Col. Myles Keogh was buried on the battlefield at the Little Bighorn.
The body of Col. Myles Keogh was buried on the battlefield at the Little Bighorn.
Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria ruled Great Britain for six decades, and her life in some ways defined the 1800s.
Queen Victoria ruled Great Britain for six decades, and her life in some ways defined the 1800s.
Pierre de Coubertin
The founder of the modern Olympics was an unlikely sports hero, a French aristocrat who felt physical education was sorely needed in his country. Pierre de Coubertin waged a one-man crusade to promote athletics, and he managed to organize the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896.
The founder of the modern Olympics was an unlikely sports hero, a French aristocrat who felt physical education was sorely needed in his country. Pierre de Coubertin waged a one-man crusade to promote athletics, and he managed to organize the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896.
1820-1830 Timeline
The 1820s were a decade of exciting changes throughout the world. In Ireland, "The Liberator," Daniel O'Connell, passed his sweeping reforms. In the US, Andrew Jackson arrived from the frontier as the nation's president. The Erie Canal changed America profoundly, and in Wales the Menai Suspension Bridge brought in the era of great bridges.
The 1820s were a decade of exciting changes throughout the world. In Ireland, "The Liberator," Daniel O'Connell, passed his sweeping reforms. In the US, Andrew Jackson arrived from the frontier as the nation's president. The Erie Canal changed America profoundly, and in Wales the Menai Suspension Bridge brought in the era of great bridges.
Products Made from Whales
Whaling in the 1800s is often remembered for tales of adventure, but men actually risked their lives throwing harpoons at huge animals because many useful products were obtained from the bodies of whales.
Whaling in the 1800s is often remembered for tales of adventure, but men actually risked their lives throwing harpoons at huge animals because many useful products were obtained from the bodies of whales.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international celebrity even before he succeeded in uniting Italy.
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international celebrity even before he succeeded in uniting Italy.
Senator Stephen Douglas
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois is best remembered for the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates, but he was also one of the most influential figures in the US government in the 1850s, and played a crucial role in legislation that propelled the United States toward the Civil War.
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois is best remembered for the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates, but he was also one of the most influential figures in the US government in the 1850s, and played a crucial role in legislation that propelled the United States toward the Civil War.
The Crimean War
The Crimean War of 1854-56 was waged by allies Britain and France against Russia, and was provoked over obscure reasons. The conflict was marked by incompetence and waste of life, and is perhaps most famous for a poem written about a great blunder, "The Charge of the Light Brigade."
The Crimean War of 1854-56 was waged by allies Britain and France against Russia, and was provoked over obscure reasons. The conflict was marked by incompetence and waste of life, and is perhaps most famous for a poem written about a great blunder, "The Charge of the Light Brigade."
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was undoubtedly one of the most influential people of the 19th century, and his influence on science and society itself is profound. And while his work can still create controversy today, Darwin himself led a quiet and studious life.
Charles Darwin was undoubtedly one of the most influential people of the 19th century, and his influence on science and society itself is profound. And while his work can still create controversy today, Darwin himself led a quiet and studious life.
Financial Panics of the 1800s
Financial panics gripped the American economy periodically in the 19th century. Some created major depressions, causing widespread failures of banks, businesses, and even farms.
Financial panics gripped the American economy periodically in the 19th century. Some created major depressions, causing widespread failures of banks, businesses, and even farms.
Five Best Inaugural Addresses
Some of the best inaugural addresses in American history were delivered in the 19th century, as new presidents endeavored to steer the nation in new directions. Read about the five best inaugural addresses of the 1800s, some of which were spoken by unlikely presidents.
Some of the best inaugural addresses in American history were delivered in the 19th century, as new presidents endeavored to steer the nation in new directions. Read about the five best inaugural addresses of the 1800s, some of which were spoken by unlikely presidents.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
Britain's second war in Afghanistan, fought in the late 1870s, was marked by miscalculations and heroics, and ultimately succeeded in protecting the prize possession of the British Empire, India.
Britain's second war in Afghanistan, fought in the late 1870s, was marked by miscalculations and heroics, and ultimately succeeded in protecting the prize possession of the British Empire, India.
Communication Revolution
In the 19th century the world was changed profoundly by the telegraph, which made transmission of news almost instantaneous. A transatlantic cable made communication possible between America and Europe, and by the end of the century nearly every corner of the world had been reached by the telegraph wire.
In the 19th century the world was changed profoundly by the telegraph, which made transmission of news almost instantaneous. A transatlantic cable made communication possible between America and Europe, and by the end of the century nearly every corner of the world had been reached by the telegraph wire.
Abraham Lincoln Was Photographed Reading His Second Inaugural Address
When Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office for the second time, on March 4, 1865, the ceremony was photographed by Alexander Gardner, who had taken photographic portraits of the president on several occasions.
When Abraham Lincoln took the oath of office for the second time, on March 4, 1865, the ceremony was photographed by Alexander Gardner, who had taken photographic portraits of the president on several occasions.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln has been discussed, debated, and written about perhaps more than any other figure from the 19th century. His personality was distinctly American, and his accomplishments may well have saved the United States.
Abraham Lincoln has been discussed, debated, and written about perhaps more than any other figure from the 19th century. His personality was distinctly American, and his accomplishments may well have saved the United States.
1800s Presidential Campaigns
The presidential campaigns of the 1800s were often raucous affairs, with iconic personalities battling it out amidst backdrops of national crisis. The campaigns could be shockingly nasty, and some of the image making would not be greatly out of place today.
The presidential campaigns of the 1800s were often raucous affairs, with iconic personalities battling it out amidst backdrops of national crisis. The campaigns could be shockingly nasty, and some of the image making would not be greatly out of place today.
Was Moby Dick Real?
When Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby Dick, he based the character of the white whale on a real animal, a white whale often sighted in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
When Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby Dick, he based the character of the white whale on a real animal, a white whale often sighted in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
1810-1820 Timeline
The decade from 1810 to 1820 was marked by the Battle of Waterloo, the British burning the White House, Francis Scott Key writing the Star-Spangled Banner, and a peculiar weather event known as "The Year Without a Summer."
The decade from 1810 to 1820 was marked by the Battle of Waterloo, the British burning the White House, Francis Scott Key writing the Star-Spangled Banner, and a peculiar weather event known as "The Year Without a Summer."
Portrayals of Custer's Demise Were Generally Dramatic
George Armstrong Custer's death at the Little Bighorn was generally portrayed in very glorious depictions by artists who were not, of course, witnesses to the actual scene.
George Armstrong Custer's death at the Little Bighorn was generally portrayed in very glorious depictions by artists who were not, of course, witnesses to the actual scene.
Andrew Jackson's Inauguration in 1829 Was a Very Unruly Celebration
When Andrew Jackson was inaugurated on March 4, 1829 exuberant crowds gathered at the Capitol. Later, at a reception at the White House, guest became so unruly that the celebration was moved outside onto the lawn.
When Andrew Jackson was inaugurated on March 4, 1829 exuberant crowds gathered at the Capitol. Later, at a reception at the White House, guest became so unruly that the celebration was moved outside onto the lawn.
Why Lewis and Clark Explored
The reasons why the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed North America are varied. Scholars of the expedition can cite several legitimate reasons that prompted President Thomas Jefferson to dispatch Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and the "Corps of Discovery."
The reasons why the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed North America are varied. Scholars of the expedition can cite several legitimate reasons that prompted President Thomas Jefferson to dispatch Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and the "Corps of Discovery."
On the Origin of Species
The British naturalist Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species on November 24, 1859 and profoundly changed the way people considered biology and science in general.
The British naturalist Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species on November 24, 1859 and profoundly changed the way people considered biology and science in general.
Men Labored in Horrendous Conditions in the Caissons Under the Brooklyn Bridge
Much of the early work on the Brooklyn Bridge was invisible to the public, as it occurred underwater, in caissons, huge bottomless boxes sunk on the river bottom.
Much of the early work on the Brooklyn Bridge was invisible to the public, as it occurred underwater, in caissons, huge bottomless boxes sunk on the river bottom.
The Poet Walt Whitman Wrote a Death Sonnet About Custer
The great American poet Walt Whitman was moved by Custer's death, and wrote a death sonnet about the fallen cavalry commander.
The great American poet Walt Whitman was moved by Custer's death, and wrote a death sonnet about the fallen cavalry commander.
Transcendentalist
Definition of Transcendentalist
Definition of Transcendentalist
Five Worst Inaugural Addresses
American presidents delivered brilliant inaugural addresses in the 1800s, but some presidents stand out for having delivered the worst. Herewith the five worst inaugural address of the 19th century.
American presidents delivered brilliant inaugural addresses in the 1800s, but some presidents stand out for having delivered the worst. Herewith the five worst inaugural address of the 19th century.
The 1863 Draft Riots Were Fueled by Racial Resentment
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The Sucess of the Great Bridge Made It a Popular Image in Advertisements
This advertisement indicates how businesses wanted to associate themselves with the Brooklyn Bridge, which was considered the greatest engineering achievement of its time.
This advertisement indicates how businesses wanted to associate themselves with the Brooklyn Bridge, which was considered the greatest engineering achievement of its time.
Custer's Last Fight, a Typical Depiction
Custer was generally portrayed as facing death bravely, such as in this print from the 19th century.
Custer was generally portrayed as facing death bravely, such as in this print from the 19th century.
Florence Nightingale
The British nurse Florence Nightingale gained fame while serving in the Crimea, where she became known as "The Lady With the Lamp." She reformed the nursing profession, and campaigned for sanitary practices that saved many lives.
The British nurse Florence Nightingale gained fame while serving in the Crimea, where she became known as "The Lady With the Lamp." She reformed the nursing profession, and campaigned for sanitary practices that saved many lives.
The Great Chicago Fire
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed a major American city, making it one of the great disasters of the 19th century. And while the famous story of how the first was started when Mrs. O’Leary’s cow kicked over a lantern was certainly untrue, that legend stuck in the public mind and holds fast to this day.
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed a major American city, making it one of the great disasters of the 19th century. And while the famous story of how the first was started when Mrs. O’Leary’s cow kicked over a lantern was certainly untrue, that legend stuck in the public mind and holds fast to this day.
Chief Justice John Marshall
In the earliest years of the United States, the Supreme Court was little more than a vague concept mentioned in the Constitution. But John Marshall, a Chief Justice nominated in the final months of the presidency of John Adams, would make the Supreme Court a powerful and co-equal branch of the federal government.
In the earliest years of the United States, the Supreme Court was little more than a vague concept mentioned in the Constitution. But John Marshall, a Chief Justice nominated in the final months of the presidency of John Adams, would make the Supreme Court a powerful and co-equal branch of the federal government.
Irish Brigade
The Union Army's Irish Brigade fought in the Civil War battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. The brigade consisted of three New York regiment and a Massachusetts regiment, and it was led by an exiled Irish revolutionary, Thomas Francis Meagher.
The Union Army's Irish Brigade fought in the Civil War battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. The brigade consisted of three New York regiment and a Massachusetts regiment, and it was led by an exiled Irish revolutionary, Thomas Francis Meagher.
Lincoln and Thanksgiving
A campaign to make Thanksgiving a national holiday finally succeeded when Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for a national day of Thanksgiving at the height of the Civil War, in 1863. Prior to that, Thanksgiving was a regional holiday, celebrated mostly in the northeast and on different days in different states.
A campaign to make Thanksgiving a national holiday finally succeeded when Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for a national day of Thanksgiving at the height of the Civil War, in 1863. Prior to that, Thanksgiving was a regional holiday, celebrated mostly in the northeast and on different days in different states.
Era of Good Feelings
Definition of Era of Good Feelings
Definition of Era of Good Feelings
Brunel's Steamships
The steamships Great Western, Great Britain, and Great Eastern were three revolutionary steamships designed and built by the brilliant British engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Each ship advanced the technology of steam power and while the ships had troubled histories, their contributions to the history of the 19th century and of ships in general are considerable.
The steamships Great Western, Great Britain, and Great Eastern were three revolutionary steamships designed and built by the brilliant British engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Each ship advanced the technology of steam power and while the ships had troubled histories, their contributions to the history of the 19th century and of ships in general are considerable.
John and Abigail Adams Books
John and Abigail Adams left an indelible mark on the 18th century, but readers did not fully comprehend the depth of their relationship until the publication of their letters in the 1840s.
John and Abigail Adams left an indelible mark on the 18th century, but readers did not fully comprehend the depth of their relationship until the publication of their letters in the 1840s.
Duels of the 19th Century
The most famous duel was that held between Aaron Burr, the Vice President of the United States, and Alexander Hamilton, who had served as the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury.
The most famous duel was that held between Aaron Burr, the Vice President of the United States, and Alexander Hamilton, who had served as the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury.
The Statue of Liberty Was Fully Assembled in Paris
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
Cartoon Mocking the Delay in Building the Statue's Base
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
Ireland's Daniel O'Connell
Read a brief biography of Daniel O'Connell, "The Liberator," who fought tirelessly for the rights of the Irish oppressed by British rule in the early 1800s.
Read a brief biography of Daniel O'Connell, "The Liberator," who fought tirelessly for the rights of the Irish oppressed by British rule in the early 1800s.
The Noted Battlefield Artist Alfred Waud Portrayed Custer Facing Death Bravely
The noted battlefield artist Alfred Waud, portrayed Custer facing death bravely in a drawing which was, of course, not drawn from experience.
The noted battlefield artist Alfred Waud, portrayed Custer facing death bravely in a drawing which was, of course, not drawn from experience.
Custer, Officers, and Family Members Pose on the Great Plains
George Armstrong Custer took to life on the Great Plains, and often enjoyed elaborate hunting expeditions, such as the one portrayed in this vintage photograph.
George Armstrong Custer took to life on the Great Plains, and often enjoyed elaborate hunting expeditions, such as the one portrayed in this vintage photograph.
Custer's Last Stand was Portrayed on a Cigarette Trading Card
Custer's Last Stand became a potent symbol in America, and even before it was immortalized in many western movies, it made its appearance on a cigarette trading card.
Custer's Last Stand became a potent symbol in America, and even before it was immortalized in many western movies, it made its appearance on a cigarette trading card.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson was perhaps the most influential American writer of the 19th century, as his essays provoked controversy and thought and he influenced other writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman.
Ralph Waldo Emerson was perhaps the most influential American writer of the 19th century, as his essays provoked controversy and thought and he influenced other writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman.
Gigantic Anchorage Structures Held the Four Massive Suspension Cables
This image of the Brooklyn anchorage of the Brooklyn Bridge illustrate what actually made the bridge work: enormous cables anchored at either end would carry the weight of the roadway.
This image of the Brooklyn anchorage of the Brooklyn Bridge illustrate what actually made the bridge work: enormous cables anchored at either end would carry the weight of the roadway.
First Political Conventions
The first national political conventions in America took place prior to the presidential election of 1832. And the distinction of holding the first political party convention actually belongs to a long-forgotten political movement in America, the Anti-Masonic Party, which convened in Baltimore in late 1831.
The first national political conventions in America took place prior to the presidential election of 1832. And the distinction of holding the first political party convention actually belongs to a long-forgotten political movement in America, the Anti-Masonic Party, which convened in Baltimore in late 1831.
The Statue of Liberty Was Finally Assembled in 1886
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
1840-1850 Timeline
The 1840s were marked by the Mexican War, the discovery of gold in California, and the launch of the ill-fated Franklin Expedition.
The 1840s were marked by the Mexican War, the discovery of gold in California, and the launch of the ill-fated Franklin Expedition.
Election of 1884
The election of 1884 was notable for mudslinging, as one candidate was accused of fathering a child out of wedlock and the other was suspected of being involved in stock market scandals. Grover Cleveland eventually defeated James G. Blaine, becoming the first Democrat to win a presidential election in more than a quarter-century.
The election of 1884 was notable for mudslinging, as one candidate was accused of fathering a child out of wedlock and the other was suspected of being involved in stock market scandals. Grover Cleveland eventually defeated James G. Blaine, becoming the first Democrat to win a presidential election in more than a quarter-century.
William Ewart Gladstone
William Ewart Gladstone was the leading British statesman of the Victorian era and served as Britain's prime minister four times. Gladstone held positions in the government from the 1830s to the 1890s, and was known for his oratory as well as deeply held convictions which were quite progressive for his time.
William Ewart Gladstone was the leading British statesman of the Victorian era and served as Britain's prime minister four times. Gladstone held positions in the government from the 1830s to the 1890s, and was known for his oratory as well as deeply held convictions which were quite progressive for his time.
Lithograph of the Great East River Bridge
This color lithograph of the newly opened Brooklyn Bridge is titled "The Great East River Bridge."
This color lithograph of the newly opened Brooklyn Bridge is titled "The Great East River Bridge."
The Opening of the Brooklyn Bridge Was a Time of Great Celebration
This illustration from an illustrated newspaper shows how the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge was a cause of great celebration.
This illustration from an illustrated newspaper shows how the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge was a cause of great celebration.
Constructing the Cables on the Brooklyn Bridge was Exacting and Perilous
The work of suspending the cables on the Brooklyn Bridge had to be precise and it was complicated by being done high up on the bridge, in all kinds of weather.
The work of suspending the cables on the Brooklyn Bridge had to be precise and it was complicated by being done high up on the bridge, in all kinds of weather.
Sitting Bull Was a Respected Leader of the Sioux
Sitting Bull was the leader of the Sioux at the time of Custer's encounter with the war parties at the Little Bighorn.
Sitting Bull was the leader of the Sioux at the time of Custer's encounter with the war parties at the Little Bighorn.
General Tom Thumb
Society in the 1800s was fascinated by Charles Sherwood Stratton, who was discovered by the famed showman Phineas Barnum and promoted as General Tom Thumb. In a career spanning 40 years, Tom Thumb performed across the US and Europe, met Queen Victoria and President Lincoln, and sold an estimated 20 million tickets.
Society in the 1800s was fascinated by Charles Sherwood Stratton, who was discovered by the famed showman Phineas Barnum and promoted as General Tom Thumb. In a career spanning 40 years, Tom Thumb performed across the US and Europe, met Queen Victoria and President Lincoln, and sold an estimated 20 million tickets.
A Massacre in 1867 Introduces Custer to the Brutality of Warfare on the Plains
In 1867 Custer saw the result of an Indian attack on a small party of cavalryman.
In 1867 Custer saw the result of an Indian attack on a small party of cavalryman.
Mrs. O'Leary's Cow
When the great Chicago Fire broke out in 1871 a rumor immediately spread that a cow belonging to a Mrs. O'Leary had kicked over a kerosene lantern and started the inferno. Was the legendary tale of Mrs. O'Leary's cow true?
When the great Chicago Fire broke out in 1871 a rumor immediately spread that a cow belonging to a Mrs. O'Leary had kicked over a kerosene lantern and started the inferno. Was the legendary tale of Mrs. O'Leary's cow true?
John Tyler Becomes President
The office of the vice presidency was considered a minor job with few clearly defined duties. But in 1841 the job became important when William Henry Harrison died after a month in office and John Tyler became the first vice president to ascend to the presidency upon the death of a president.
The office of the vice presidency was considered a minor job with few clearly defined duties. But in 1841 the job became important when William Henry Harrison died after a month in office and John Tyler became the first vice president to ascend to the presidency upon the death of a president.
Henry David Thoreau
Henry David Thoreau is one of the most beloved and influential writers of the 19th century. As an eloquent voice advocating simple living and thrift, Thoreau stands in contrast to his times.
Henry David Thoreau is one of the most beloved and influential writers of the 19th century. As an eloquent voice advocating simple living and thrift, Thoreau stands in contrast to his times.
Margaret Fuller
Margaret Fuller was an early feminist writer and editor and an important member of the New England Transcendentalist circle. She counted among her friends Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Following her stint editing The Dial, the magazine of the transcendentalists, she worked as a correspondent for Horace Greeley's New York Tribune, covering New York City and later sending dispatches from revolutions in Europe.
Margaret Fuller was an early feminist writer and editor and an important member of the New England Transcendentalist circle. She counted among her friends Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Following her stint editing The Dial, the magazine of the transcendentalists, she worked as a correspondent for Horace Greeley's New York Tribune, covering New York City and later sending dispatches from revolutions in Europe.
American System
Definition of American System
Definition of American System
Manifest Destiny
Definition of Manifest Destiny.
Definition of Manifest Destiny.
Lincoln at Cooper Union
Lincoln's Cooper Union Address, the New York City speech that propelled the Illinois lawyer to the White House: when he took the stage at Cooper Union in New York City and faced an audience of 1,500 curious spectators he became an instant star. The Cooper Union Address was a major step on Lincoln's path to the presidency.
Lincoln's Cooper Union Address, the New York City speech that propelled the Illinois lawyer to the White House: when he took the stage at Cooper Union in New York City and faced an audience of 1,500 curious spectators he became an instant star. The Cooper Union Address was a major step on Lincoln's path to the presidency.
Strolling On the Brooklyn Bridge's Pedestrian Walkway
People in the late 1800s strolled across the Brooklyn Bridge.
People in the late 1800s strolled across the Brooklyn Bridge.
Supernatural 19th Century
The 19th century featured a strong presence of the supernatural, despite being a period obsessed with science and technology. These are some of the noteworthy supernatural and spooky events of the 1800s.
The 19th century featured a strong presence of the supernatural, despite being a period obsessed with science and technology. These are some of the noteworthy supernatural and spooky events of the 1800s.
The Head of the Statue of Liberty was Displayed in 1878
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world.
The National Road
The National Road was constructed from western Maryland to Ohio in the early decades of the 19th century, and was the forerunner of the federal highway system. The original plan was to make travel to the west, especially the new state of Ohio, practical. The road eventually reached Indiana, and was eventually modernized as part of the national highway system in the 20th century.
The National Road was constructed from western Maryland to Ohio in the early decades of the 19th century, and was the forerunner of the federal highway system. The original plan was to make travel to the west, especially the new state of Ohio, practical. The road eventually reached Indiana, and was eventually modernized as part of the national highway system in the 20th century.
Christening Ships
The tradition of christening news ships by breaking a bottle of champagne against the bow developed in the 19th century. By the late 1800s, ship christenings were elaborate public events, attended by many thousands. It was considered extremely important that the champagne bottle break on the first attempt, or the ship would be considered unlucky.
The tradition of christening news ships by breaking a bottle of champagne against the bow developed in the 19th century. By the late 1800s, ship christenings were elaborate public events, attended by many thousands. It was considered extremely important that the champagne bottle break on the first attempt, or the ship would be considered unlucky.
Gettysburg Address Text
The phrase "of the people, by the people, and for the people" from the Gettysburg Address is often quoted as Abraham Lincoln's definition of the American system of government. Lincoln had been invited to provide remarks in November 1863 at the dedication of the cemetery for Union troops killed in the enormous Battle of Gettysburg the previous summer. Lincoln's brief yet carefully written speech served to define his thoughts on the Civil War.
The phrase "of the people, by the people, and for the people" from the Gettysburg Address is often quoted as Abraham Lincoln's definition of the American system of government. Lincoln had been invited to provide remarks in November 1863 at the dedication of the cemetery for Union troops killed in the enormous Battle of Gettysburg the previous summer. Lincoln's brief yet carefully written speech served to define his thoughts on the Civil War.
Custer's Exploits Portayed on a Cigarette Card
Custer became an American icon after his death.
Custer became an American icon after his death.
Antebellum Era
Definition of Antebellum.
Definition of Antebellum.
Horace Greeley
Horace Greeley, founded and editor of the New York Tribune, was one of the most influential Americans of the 1800s. He battled against slavery, supported various reform causes, and even ran as a major candidate for president.
Horace Greeley, founded and editor of the New York Tribune, was one of the most influential Americans of the 1800s. He battled against slavery, supported various reform causes, and even ran as a major candidate for president.
Slave Narratives Emerge
The astonishing emergence and publication of two newly discovered slave narratives, as a book titled A Slave No More by David W. Blight, are a dramatic reminder of the power of the autobiographies of escaped or freed slaves.
The astonishing emergence and publication of two newly discovered slave narratives, as a book titled A Slave No More by David W. Blight, are a dramatic reminder of the power of the autobiographies of escaped or freed slaves.
Bartholdi Chose an Island in New York Harbor for his Great Statue
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world. The location of the statue, Bedloe's Island, is in the middle of New York harbor.
The Statue of Liberty, a gift from France to the United States, rose above New York harbor in 1886 and became a welcoming symbol to immigrants arriving from around the world. The location of the statue, Bedloe's Island, is in the middle of New York harbor.
Isambard K. Brunel
Isambard Kingdom Brunel was a flamboyant and brilliant British engineer who has often been credited for helping to create the modern world. Brunel’s achievements included bridges, tunnels, railroads and steamships, and it’s impossible to tell the story of transportation in the 19th century without including his contributions.
Isambard Kingdom Brunel was a flamboyant and brilliant British engineer who has often been credited for helping to create the modern world. Brunel’s achievements included bridges, tunnels, railroads and steamships, and it’s impossible to tell the story of transportation in the 19th century without including his contributions.
Explorer and Slave York
The legendary Lewis and Clark Expedition, which crossed North America to the Pacific Ocean and back from 1804 to 1806, included one participant who was a slave. Learn about York, the "servant" of Capt. William Clark, the co-leader of the expedition.
The legendary Lewis and Clark Expedition, which crossed North America to the Pacific Ocean and back from 1804 to 1806, included one participant who was a slave. Learn about York, the "servant" of Capt. William Clark, the co-leader of the expedition.
Frederick Douglass Biography
The life story of Frederick Douglass is in many ways emblematic of the struggle of slaves and former slaves in 19th century America. Douglas escaped from slavery, became a noted activist and author, and was the most influential African-American leader in the 1800s.
The life story of Frederick Douglass is in many ways emblematic of the struggle of slaves and former slaves in 19th century America. Douglas escaped from slavery, became a noted activist and author, and was the most influential African-American leader in the 1800s.
The Brooklyn Bridge Under Construction
This stereograph card shows the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge before the four massive suspension cables were strung between them.
This stereograph card shows the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge before the four massive suspension cables were strung between them.
The Rioting Mobs Burned the Colored Orphan's Asylum
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
Abolitionist
Definition of abolitionist.
Definition of abolitionist.
Opium War
Definition of Opium War.
Definition of Opium War.
Whig Party
Definition of the Whig Party, an American political party.
Definition of the Whig Party, an American political party.
Bleeding Kansas
Definition of Bleeding Kansas, a term coined by Horace Greeley to describe civil strife over the issue of slavery in Kansas in the 1850s.
Definition of Bleeding Kansas, a term coined by Horace Greeley to describe civil strife over the issue of slavery in Kansas in the 1850s.
Creation of the National Parks
The early conservation movement in America grew from the writings of Emerson and Thoreau, and steadily gained traction throughout the mid-1800s until the desire to preserve vast tracts of wilderness led to the creation of the first National Park at Yellowstone.
The early conservation movement in America grew from the writings of Emerson and Thoreau, and steadily gained traction throughout the mid-1800s until the desire to preserve vast tracts of wilderness led to the creation of the first National Park at Yellowstone.
The Brooklyn Bridge's Temporary Footbridge Fascinated the Public
Images such as this, of the Brooklyn Bridge's temporary footbridge, fascinated the public in the 1870s.
Images such as this, of the Brooklyn Bridge's temporary footbridge, fascinated the public in the 1870s.
The Custer Monument Portrayed On a Stereographic Card
The battlefield at the Little Bighorn, where Custer and the 7th Cavalry made their famous Last Stand, is portrayed in a stereograph card, which would appear three dimensional when viewed with a popular optical device of the late 19th century.
The battlefield at the Little Bighorn, where Custer and the 7th Cavalry made their famous Last Stand, is portrayed in a stereograph card, which would appear three dimensional when viewed with a popular optical device of the late 19th century.
Ireland's Big Wind
A freak wind storm struck Ireland in January 1839, and became known as the "Big Wind." It was so memorable that decades later, bureaucrats determining who was eligible for old age pensions would ask people if they could remember "The Big Wind."
A freak wind storm struck Ireland in January 1839, and became known as the "Big Wind." It was so memorable that decades later, bureaucrats determining who was eligible for old age pensions would ask people if they could remember "The Big Wind."
Classic Irish History Books
Classic books by 19th century Irish historians are available for free on the web by accessing these convenient links.
Classic books by 19th century Irish historians are available for free on the web by accessing these convenient links.
Peter Cooper's Tom Thumb Races a Horse
The locomotive Tom Thumb was being demonstrated in late August 1830 when Cooper was challenged to race his steam powered vehicle against a horse.
The locomotive Tom Thumb was being demonstrated in late August 1830 when Cooper was challenged to race his steam powered vehicle against a horse.
Presidential Inaugurations Began in New York City
George Washington was inaugurated at the first President of the United States on April 30, 1789. The ceremony was held on the front of Federal Hall in New York City.
George Washington was inaugurated at the first President of the United States on April 30, 1789. The ceremony was held on the front of Federal Hall in New York City.
Abraham Lincoln Rode to His Inauguration With President James Buchanan
Abraham Lincoln rode to his inauguration with the outgoing chief executive, President James Buchanan.
Abraham Lincoln rode to his inauguration with the outgoing chief executive, President James Buchanan.
Charles Stewart Parnell
Charles Stewart Parnell was one of the most remarkable figures in Irish politics in the 19th century. He was from a wealthy Protestant family yet became a hero to the oppressed Catholics. Elected to the British Parliament, he showed great brilliance, and was eventually brought down by personal scandal.
Charles Stewart Parnell was one of the most remarkable figures in Irish politics in the 19th century. He was from a wealthy Protestant family yet became a hero to the oppressed Catholics. Elected to the British Parliament, he showed great brilliance, and was eventually brought down by personal scandal.
Menai Suspension Bridge
The treacherous Menai Strait between Wales and Anglesey was bridged by the brilliant engineer Thomas Telford in the 1820s. His Menai Strait Bridge was an early suspension bridge which used iron chains to support its roadway.
The treacherous Menai Strait between Wales and Anglesey was bridged by the brilliant engineer Thomas Telford in the 1820s. His Menai Strait Bridge was an early suspension bridge which used iron chains to support its roadway.
The New York Tribune was Attacked by Rioters in 1863
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
Fugitive Slave Act
Definition of Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Definition of Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
First National Park
The first National Park was Yellowstone, a magnificent wilderness set aside in 1872 to be preserved and protected.
The first National Park was Yellowstone, a magnificent wilderness set aside in 1872 to be preserved and protected.
Musicians Performed on the Capitol Grounds at Garfield's Inauguration in 1881
A color lithograph of President James Garfield's inauguration in 1881 depicts a troupe of musicians ascending the steps of the Capitol.
A color lithograph of President James Garfield's inauguration in 1881 depicts a troupe of musicians ascending the steps of the Capitol.
Knights of Labor
Definition of Knights of Labor
Definition of Knights of Labor
Aaron Burr Biograhy
Aaron Burr was constantly drawn to controversy, and his shooting of Alexander Hamilton in a duel is only part of his peculiar life story. Burr was involved in one of the most controversial presidential elections in American history, served unhappily as vice president to Thomas Jefferson, and after shooting Hamilton he embarked on an expedition to the west that led to him being charged with treason.
Aaron Burr was constantly drawn to controversy, and his shooting of Alexander Hamilton in a duel is only part of his peculiar life story. Burr was involved in one of the most controversial presidential elections in American history, served unhappily as vice president to Thomas Jefferson, and after shooting Hamilton he embarked on an expedition to the west that led to him being charged with treason.
The Draft Riots May Have Cost Hundreds of Lives
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
Lincoln Defended the Draft Following the Riots in New York
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.