19th Century History: Most Popular Articles
These articles are the most popular over the last month.
New York's Five Points
Learn about the Five Points, a notorious neighborhood in New York City in the 1800s.
Learn about the Five Points, a notorious neighborhood in New York City in the 1800s.
Timeline: India in the 1800s
Britain's involvement with India began modestly at the beginnings of the 1600s, and by the 1800s British citizens living in India had created their own Anglo-Indian society. The British Raj, as it was known, was a fascinating chapter in history.
Britain's involvement with India began modestly at the beginnings of the 1600s, and by the 1800s British citizens living in India had created their own Anglo-Indian society. The British Raj, as it was known, was a fascinating chapter in history.
The Election of 1860 Brings Ab
The election of 1860 is one of the most important in American history, as it came at a time of national crisis and brought Abraham Lincoln to the White House.
The election of 1860 is one of the most important in American history, as it came at a time of national crisis and brought Abraham Lincoln to the White House.
Indian Removal
Indian Removal was a controversial policy by which the U.S. government, led by President Andrew Jackson, forced Indian tribes in the South to leave their ancestral lands. The policy culminated in the notorious Trail of Tears, a forced exodus of the Cherokee tribe.
Indian Removal was a controversial policy by which the U.S. government, led by President Andrew Jackson, forced Indian tribes in the South to leave their ancestral lands. The policy culminated in the notorious Trail of Tears, a forced exodus of the Cherokee tribe.
1880-1890 Timeline
The timeline of the 1880s includes labor unrest, turmoil in Russia, warfare in Afghanistan, and celebrations for new landmarks in New York City.
The timeline of the 1880s includes labor unrest, turmoil in Russia, warfare in Afghanistan, and celebrations for new landmarks in New York City.
The Year Without a Summer Was
The year 1816 became known as The Year Without a Summer when temperatures stayed cold and crops failed; the cause was a volcanic eruption a year earlier, on the opposite side of the world.
The year 1816 became known as The Year Without a Summer when temperatures stayed cold and crops failed; the cause was a volcanic eruption a year earlier, on the opposite side of the world.
H.M.S. Beagle
HMS Beagle carried Charles Darwin around the world for five years in the early 1800s, and observations he made at the Galapagos Islands and other exotic locations led to his writings about the theory of evolution.
HMS Beagle carried Charles Darwin around the world for five years in the early 1800s, and observations he made at the Galapagos Islands and other exotic locations led to his writings about the theory of evolution.
Nullification Crisis
Definition of Nullification Crisis
Definition of Nullification Crisis
Krakatoa Volcano Eruption in 1
The colossal eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa became a worldwide weather and media event in 1883 and was followed by months of eerie red sunsets.
The colossal eruption of the volcano at Krakatoa became a worldwide weather and media event in 1883 and was followed by months of eerie red sunsets.
Timelines of the 1800s
The 19th century was a time of tremendous change, and this comprehensive timeline will help you navigate through the decades of the 1800s.
The 19th century was a time of tremendous change, and this comprehensive timeline will help you navigate through the decades of the 1800s.
Anaconda Plan
Definition of Anaconda Plan
Definition of Anaconda Plan
Abraham Lincoln's Greatest Spe
One of the things that made Abraham Lincoln a skillful politician and great president was his ability to write and deliver great speeches. Read about Lincoln's greatest speeches, and learn what he accomplished with them.
One of the things that made Abraham Lincoln a skillful politician and great president was his ability to write and deliver great speeches. Read about Lincoln's greatest speeches, and learn what he accomplished with them.
Retreat from Kabul, 1842
A British Army was massacred in January 1842 while retreating from Kabul, Afghanistan and only one man survived to tell the horrifying story.
A British Army was massacred in January 1842 while retreating from Kabul, Afghanistan and only one man survived to tell the horrifying story.
The Five Best Inaugural Addres
Some of the best inaugural addresses in American history were delivered in the 19th century, as new presidents endeavored to steer the nation in new directions. Read about the five best inaugural addresses of the 1800s, some of which were spoken by unlikely presidents.
Some of the best inaugural addresses in American history were delivered in the 19th century, as new presidents endeavored to steer the nation in new directions. Read about the five best inaugural addresses of the 1800s, some of which were spoken by unlikely presidents.
Abe Lincoln and His Ax
The real story of how Abe Lincoln's use of an ax became a political legend.
The real story of how Abe Lincoln's use of an ax became a political legend.
Notable Authors of the 19th Ce
The 19th century was known for literary figures. Read about authors of the 1800s, including Washington Irving, Emma Lazarus, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Darwin.
The 19th century was known for literary figures. Read about authors of the 1800s, including Washington Irving, Emma Lazarus, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Darwin.
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny, also known as the Indian Revolt of 1857, shook British rule in India.
The Sepoy Mutiny, also known as the Indian Revolt of 1857, shook British rule in India.
Building the Brooklyn Bridge
New York's Brooklyn Bridge was the greatest engineering achievement of its era when it was finished in 1883. During its 14 years of construction skeptics thought it would collapse, but more than 125 years later, its a beautiful landmark and a very practical conveyance used by thousands of commuters everyday.
New York's Brooklyn Bridge was the greatest engineering achievement of its era when it was finished in 1883. During its 14 years of construction skeptics thought it would collapse, but more than 125 years later, its a beautiful landmark and a very practical conveyance used by thousands of commuters everyday.
Attack on Fort Sumter
The attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, which began the American Civil War. While technically the first battle of the war, the engagement lasted little more than a day, and no one was deliberately killed.
The attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, which began the American Civil War. While technically the first battle of the war, the engagement lasted little more than a day, and no one was deliberately killed.
Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall was political machine that ran New York City through a system of political patronage, and it was the epitome of corrupt politics in the 1800s.
Tammany Hall was political machine that ran New York City through a system of political patronage, and it was the epitome of corrupt politics in the 1800s.
1870-1880 Timeline
The 1870s were marked by Custer meeting his end at the Little Bighorn, construction work on the Brooklyn Bridge, Queen Victoria taking an imperial title, and Bismarck provoking the Franco-Prussian War.
The 1870s were marked by Custer meeting his end at the Little Bighorn, construction work on the Brooklyn Bridge, Queen Victoria taking an imperial title, and Bismarck provoking the Franco-Prussian War.
Men Labored in Horrendous Conditions in the Caissons Under the Brooklyn Bridge
Much of the early work on the Brooklyn Bridge was invisible to the public, as it occurred underwater, in caissons, huge bottomless boxes sunk on the river bottom.
Much of the early work on the Brooklyn Bridge was invisible to the public, as it occurred underwater, in caissons, huge bottomless boxes sunk on the river bottom.
Mount Tambora Was the Largest
The tremendous eruption of Mount Tambora in April 1815 was the most powerful volcanic eruption of the
The tremendous eruption of Mount Tambora in April 1815 was the most powerful volcanic eruption of the
Know-Nothing Party
Learn about the American political party called the Know-Nothings, which campaigned against immigrants, specifically new arrivals from Ireland in the 1840s and 1850s.
Learn about the American political party called the Know-Nothings, which campaigned against immigrants, specifically new arrivals from Ireland in the 1840s and 1850s.
Brief History of Whaling
The whaling industry flourished in New England from about 1820 to 1860, until the demand for oil for illumination was replaced by oil taken from the ground.
The whaling industry flourished in New England from about 1820 to 1860, until the demand for oil for illumination was replaced by oil taken from the ground.
The Election of 1828 Was Marke
The election of 1828 was perhaps the dirtiest in American history, as the campaigns of Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams threw scurrilous charges back and forth.
The election of 1828 was perhaps the dirtiest in American history, as the campaigns of Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams threw scurrilous charges back and forth.
Was Moby Dick Real?
When Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby Dick, he relied on the story of a notorious white whale often sighted in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
When Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby Dick, he relied on the story of a notorious white whale often sighted in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
1860-1870 Timeline
A timeline of the 1860s, including the American Civil War, the greatest historical event of the decade, as well as other events around the world.
A timeline of the 1860s, including the American Civil War, the greatest historical event of the decade, as well as other events around the world.
Abraham Lincoln and the Gettys
Lincoln the Orator: 1838 Springfield Lyceum | 1860 Cooper Union | 1861 First Inaugural | 1865 Second
Lincoln the Orator: 1838 Springfield Lyceum | 1860 Cooper Union | 1861 First Inaugural | 1865 Second
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition of The Emancipation Proclamation
Definition of The Emancipation Proclamation
Timeline from 1890 to 1900
The 1890s: A decade of events ranging from the Lizzie Borden murder case, the First Modern Olympics, to the U.S.S. Maine mysteriously exploding.
The 1890s: A decade of events ranging from the Lizzie Borden murder case, the First Modern Olympics, to the U.S.S. Maine mysteriously exploding.
John Sutter
Johann Sutter came to America in the 1830s, made up some military credentials, and eventually became a major figure in the settlement of California. He is best remembered as the California Gold Rush began when nuggets were discovered on his property, and in keeping with his peculiar life, that stroke of luck essentially ruined him.
Johann Sutter came to America in the 1830s, made up some military credentials, and eventually became a major figure in the settlement of California. He is best remembered as the California Gold Rush began when nuggets were discovered on his property, and in keeping with his peculiar life, that stroke of luck essentially ruined him.
Civil War Year By Year
The American Civil War lasted four years, and evolved from what people thought would be a minor conflict into an very bloody ordeal. Learn about the chronology of the Civil War.
The American Civil War lasted four years, and evolved from what people thought would be a minor conflict into an very bloody ordeal. Learn about the chronology of the Civil War.
Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket Riot was ignited by an anarchist bombing, and set back the American labor union for years.
The Haymarket Riot was ignited by an anarchist bombing, and set back the American labor union for years.
Prince Albert, Husband of Quee
Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria of Britain, was a German prince who came to wield great influence on British society. His untimely death in 1861 devastated Queen Victoria, who wore mourning clothes for the rest of her life.
Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria of Britain, was a German prince who came to wield great influence on British society. His untimely death in 1861 devastated Queen Victoria, who wore mourning clothes for the rest of her life.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was envisioned as a compromise over slavery, but it wound up inflaming passions on both sides of the issue and becoming a major stepping stone on the path to Civil War.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was envisioned as a compromise over slavery, but it wound up inflaming passions on both sides of the issue and becoming a major stepping stone on the path to Civil War.
Radical Republicans
Definition of Radical Republicans
Definition of Radical Republicans
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850, a controversial set of laws passed by Congress, preserved the Union but was only a temporary solution to the issue of slavery in America.
The Compromise of 1850, a controversial set of laws passed by Congress, preserved the Union but was only a temporary solution to the issue of slavery in America.
Senator Beaten With a Cane
A southern congressman beat an anti-slavery senator from Massachusetts with a cane in the U.S. Capitol as tensions over slavery boiled over in May 1856.
A southern congressman beat an anti-slavery senator from Massachusetts with a cane in the U.S. Capitol as tensions over slavery boiled over in May 1856.
The Election of 1824 Was Decid
Significant Elections: 1800 | 1828 | 1840 | 1860 | 1876 | 1884 The election of 1824 involved three major
Significant Elections: 1800 | 1828 | 1840 | 1860 | 1876 | 1884 The election of 1824 involved three major
Extinct Political Parties of t
The 19th century gave birth to today's political parties, but it also saw the emergence and extinction of a number of other parties. Some were the parties of presidents, and some seemed to have been doomed for failure and obscurity.
The 19th century gave birth to today's political parties, but it also saw the emergence and extinction of a number of other parties. Some were the parties of presidents, and some seemed to have been doomed for failure and obscurity.
1830-1840 Timeline
The 1830s was a decade marked by railroad building in America, Opium Wars in Asia, and the ascension to the British throne of the woman who whose name would come to define the century, Queen Victoria.
The 1830s was a decade marked by railroad building in America, Opium Wars in Asia, and the ascension to the British throne of the woman who whose name would come to define the century, Queen Victoria.
Antebellum Era
Definition of Antebellum.
Definition of Antebellum.
Missouri Compromise
The crisis prompted in 1820 when Missouri sought to enter the Union as a slave state resulted in a great compromise which attempted to lessen the enormous tensions caused by slavery, the great divisive issue in early 19th century America.
The crisis prompted in 1820 when Missouri sought to enter the Union as a slave state resulted in a great compromise which attempted to lessen the enormous tensions caused by slavery, the great divisive issue in early 19th century America.
Thaddeus Stevens
Thaddeus Stevens, a Congressman from Pennsylvania, was a lifelong opponent of slavery and led the Radical Republicans during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Thaddeus Stevens, a Congressman from Pennsylvania, was a lifelong opponent of slavery and led the Radical Republicans during the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Paying for Lady Liberty
The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States, but the question of who actually paid for the statue, and the base it stands upon, has some surprising answers.
The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States, but the question of who actually paid for the statue, and the base it stands upon, has some surprising answers.
The Great Famine
The Great Famine that ravaged the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s caused widespread starvation, and prompted a wave of emigration to America.
The Great Famine that ravaged the potato crop in Ireland in the 1840s caused widespread starvation, and prompted a wave of emigration to America.
Products Made from Whales
Whaling in the 1800s is often remembered for tales of adventure, but men actually risked their lives throwing harpoons at huge animals because many useful products were obtained from the bodies of whales.
Whaling in the 1800s is often remembered for tales of adventure, but men actually risked their lives throwing harpoons at huge animals because many useful products were obtained from the bodies of whales.
Building the Erie Canal
The Erie Canal's construction in the early 1800s made New York the Empire State.
The Erie Canal's construction in the early 1800s made New York the Empire State.
Monroe Doctrine
Definition of Monroe Doctrine
Definition of Monroe Doctrine
Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh began with a withering surprise attack by the Confederate Army.
The Battle of Shiloh began with a withering surprise attack by the Confederate Army.
The Election of 1876 Brought R
The election of 1876 was close and controversial, and the winner of the popular vote was denied the White House. In a deal made with a congressional commission, Rutherford B. Hayes wound up defeating Samuel J. Tilden, who had probably won the election.
The election of 1876 was close and controversial, and the winner of the popular vote was denied the White House. In a deal made with a congressional commission, Rutherford B. Hayes wound up defeating Samuel J. Tilden, who had probably won the election.
Custer: Facts and Photos
George Armstrong Custer defined an era in the American West, and the tragic circumstances of his death at the Little Bighorn in 1876 horrified and captivated the nation. Before meeting his end on the plains, he served with some distinction in the Civil War.
George Armstrong Custer defined an era in the American West, and the tragic circumstances of his death at the Little Bighorn in 1876 horrified and captivated the nation. Before meeting his end on the plains, he served with some distinction in the Civil War.
The Founder of the Modern Olym
Concise biography of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympics, who organized the Olympic games in Athens in 1896.
Concise biography of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympics, who organized the Olympic games in Athens in 1896.
Civil War Amputations
Surgeons during the Civil War often amputated limbs. Why were amputations so common in the Civil War? What made Civil War wounds so destructive?
Surgeons during the Civil War often amputated limbs. Why were amputations so common in the Civil War? What made Civil War wounds so destructive?
Election of 1800 Was Significa
The election of 1800 was significant and controversial, and was ultimately decided in the House of Representatives when Thomas Jefferson defeated Aaron Burr.
The election of 1800 was significant and controversial, and was ultimately decided in the House of Representatives when Thomas Jefferson defeated Aaron Burr.
Classic Slave Narratives
A handful of accounts written by former slaves have been hailed as classics of American writing. These authors, all of whom struggled to achieve freedom, told their stories and helped galvanize the abolition movement in America.
A handful of accounts written by former slaves have been hailed as classics of American writing. These authors, all of whom struggled to achieve freedom, told their stories and helped galvanize the abolition movement in America.
John Brown, Fanatical Abolitio
John Brown, a fanatical abolitionist, led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry and moved the U.S. closer to Civil War.
John Brown, a fanatical abolitionist, led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry and moved the U.S. closer to Civil War.
Shawnee Chief Tecumseh Created
The Indian chief Tecumseh led a confederation of Indian tribes against encroachment by whites upon Indian lands in what is now Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. His conflict with William Henry Harrison became a frontier legend, and after his death in the War of 1812 he was a respected figure in both the Indian and white cultures.
The Indian chief Tecumseh led a confederation of Indian tribes against encroachment by whites upon Indian lands in what is now Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. His conflict with William Henry Harrison became a frontier legend, and after his death in the War of 1812 he was a respected figure in both the Indian and white cultures.
Compromise of 1877
Definition of Compromise of 1877
Definition of Compromise of 1877
The First Oil Well
The first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania in 1859 by Edwin Drake, who started the modern oil industry though he would only drill three oil wells in his brief career.
The first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania in 1859 by Edwin Drake, who started the modern oil industry though he would only drill three oil wells in his brief career.
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed a major American city, making it one of the great disasters of the 19th century. And while the famous story of how the first was started when Mrs. O’Leary’s cow kicked over a lantern was certainly untrue, that legend stuck in the public mind and holds fast to this day.
The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed a major American city, making it one of the great disasters of the 19th century. And while the famous story of how the first was started when Mrs. O’Leary’s cow kicked over a lantern was certainly untrue, that legend stuck in the public mind and holds fast to this day.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates in 1858 took place in a Senate race in Illinois, yet they had national significance. Abraham Lincoln was known locally as a rising political star, and Senator Stephen A. Douglas already stood near the zenith of American politics. Their seven Lincoln-Douglas Debates across Illinois dealt with the critical issue of the day, and was a prelude to Lincoln's election as president and the outbreak of Civil War.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates in 1858 took place in a Senate race in Illinois, yet they had national significance. Abraham Lincoln was known locally as a rising political star, and Senator Stephen A. Douglas already stood near the zenith of American politics. Their seven Lincoln-Douglas Debates across Illinois dealt with the critical issue of the day, and was a prelude to Lincoln's election as president and the outbreak of Civil War.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
Britain's second war in Afghanistan, fought in the late 1870s, was marked by miscalculations and heroics, and ultimately succeeded in protecting the prize possession of the British Empire, India.
Britain's second war in Afghanistan, fought in the late 1870s, was marked by miscalculations and heroics, and ultimately succeeded in protecting the prize possession of the British Empire, India.
Communication Revolution
In the 19th century the world was changed profoundly by the telegraph, which made transmission of news almost instantaneous. A transatlantic cable made communication possible between America and Europe, and by the end of the century nearly every corner of the world had been reached by the telegraph wire.
In the 19th century the world was changed profoundly by the telegraph, which made transmission of news almost instantaneous. A transatlantic cable made communication possible between America and Europe, and by the end of the century nearly every corner of the world had been reached by the telegraph wire.
Civil War Battle Flags
Flags were enormously important in the American Civil War. Why is that? What was so special about flags that so many men died defending them on the battlefield?
Flags were enormously important in the American Civil War. Why is that? What was so special about flags that so many men died defending them on the battlefield?
The Mexican War
The Mexican War, fought between the United States and Mexico in the mid-1840s, was a triumph for the US and greatly increased American territory. It was wildly popular in its day though some critics denounced it at the time, and its origins remain a topic of debate to this day. Military leaders of the American Civil War, including Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, received valuable experience in Mexican battles.
The Mexican War, fought between the United States and Mexico in the mid-1840s, was a triumph for the US and greatly increased American territory. It was wildly popular in its day though some critics denounced it at the time, and its origins remain a topic of debate to this day. Military leaders of the American Civil War, including Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant, received valuable experience in Mexican battles.
Timeline: Early Life of Abraha
The timeline of the life of Abraham Lincoln's early life documents the 16th president's rise from his humble birth in a log cabin in Kentucky to his career as an Illinois lawyer and potential presidential candidate.
The timeline of the life of Abraham Lincoln's early life documents the 16th president's rise from his humble birth in a log cabin in Kentucky to his career as an Illinois lawyer and potential presidential candidate.
The New York Draft Riots
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
The streets of New York erupted in shocking violence for several days in July 1863 in what became known as the New York City Draft Riots. The federal government instituting conscription for the army during the Civil War was the root cause, though other factors, such as racial and ethnic strife, certainly played a part. This gallery of images documents the horrors of the Draft Riots, in which buildings were burned and hundreds of people were killed or wounded.
1814 Burning of Washington
The War of 1812 holds a peculiar place in history. Itâs often overlooked, and itâs probably most noteworthy
The War of 1812 holds a peculiar place in history. Itâs often overlooked, and itâs probably most noteworthy
Timeline from 1800 to 1810
The decade from 1800 to 1810 represented a time of expansion and exploration in the United States and a time of warfare and turmoil in Europe.
The decade from 1800 to 1810 represented a time of expansion and exploration in the United States and a time of warfare and turmoil in Europe.
Transcendentalist
Definition of Transcendentalist
Definition of Transcendentalist
The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 K
The cholera epidemic of 1832 afflicted major cities of Europe as well as North America, killing thousands and creating widespread panic.
The cholera epidemic of 1832 afflicted major cities of Europe as well as North America, killing thousands and creating widespread panic.
First National Park
The first National Park was Yellowstone, a magnificent wilderness set aside in 1872 to be preserved and protected.
The first National Park was Yellowstone, a magnificent wilderness set aside in 1872 to be preserved and protected.
Ships, Champagne, and Supersti
The tradition of christening news ships by breaking a bottle of champagne against the bow developed in the 19th century. By the late 1800s, ship christenings were elaborate public events, attended by many thousands. It was considered extremely important that the champagne bottle break on the first attempt, or the ship would be considered unlucky.
The tradition of christening news ships by breaking a bottle of champagne against the bow developed in the 19th century. By the late 1800s, ship christenings were elaborate public events, attended by many thousands. It was considered extremely important that the champagne bottle break on the first attempt, or the ship would be considered unlucky.
Influence of Uncle Tom's Cabin
Did the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin help to start the Civil War? Did Harriet Beecher Stowe intend to influence public opinion by writing a novel? To what extent did she influence public opinion?
Did the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin help to start the Civil War? Did Harriet Beecher Stowe intend to influence public opinion by writing a novel? To what extent did she influence public opinion?
On the Origin of Species
The British naturalist Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species on November 24, 1859 and profoundly changed the way people considered biology and science in general.
The British naturalist Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species on November 24, 1859 and profoundly changed the way people considered biology and science in general.
Sharecropping
Definition of Sharecropping
Definition of Sharecropping
Six Facts to Know About Queen
These six facts about Queen Victoria may change the way you think about the woman whose name defined the 19th Century.
These six facts about Queen Victoria may change the way you think about the woman whose name defined the 19th Century.
1850-1860 Timeline
The decade of the 1850s was marked by controversy over slavery in the United States, the Crimean War fought between Russian and European powers, and the rapid growth of steam-power travel on water and land.
The decade of the 1850s was marked by controversy over slavery in the United States, the Crimean War fought between Russian and European powers, and the rapid growth of steam-power travel on water and land.
Underground Railroad
Concise history of the Underground Railroad, the secret network that helped fugitive slaves.
Concise history of the Underground Railroad, the secret network that helped fugitive slaves.
Arthur Conan Doyle
Scottish-born author Arthur Conan Doyle created one of the world's most famous characters, Sherlock Holmes.
Scottish-born author Arthur Conan Doyle created one of the world's most famous characters, Sherlock Holmes.
Tariff of Abominations
Definition of Tariff of Abominations
Definition of Tariff of Abominations
The Crimean War
The Crimean War is known primarily for the âCharge of the Light Brigade,â a poem written about a disastrous
The Crimean War is known primarily for the âCharge of the Light Brigade,â a poem written about a disastrous
Abolitionist
Definition of abolitionist.
Definition of abolitionist.
The National Road, America's F
The National Road, an early forerunner of the federal highway system, was constructed from western Maryland to Ohio in the early decades of the 19th century.
The National Road, an early forerunner of the federal highway system, was constructed from western Maryland to Ohio in the early decades of the 19th century.
Was Mary Todd Lincoln Mentally
Abraham Lincoln's wife Mary Todd Lincoln is often remembered as being mentally ill, but is that perception of her accurate?
Abraham Lincoln's wife Mary Todd Lincoln is often remembered as being mentally ill, but is that perception of her accurate?
Battle of Antietam
The Battle of Antietam included a heroic charge by the Union's Irish Brigade on Confederate soldiers in a sunken road that made a natural trench.
The Battle of Antietam included a heroic charge by the Union's Irish Brigade on Confederate soldiers in a sunken road that made a natural trench.
Facts and Images: The Assassin
News of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865 shocked the United States at the end of the Civil War.
News of the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865 shocked the United States at the end of the Civil War.
Great Exhibition of 1851
Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 assembled technology from around the world in London. Learn about the spectacular exhibition organized by Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's scientifically minded husband.
Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 assembled technology from around the world in London. Learn about the spectacular exhibition organized by Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's scientifically minded husband.
1820-1830 Timeline
Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1820: January 29, 1820: George IV became the King of England
Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1820: January 29, 1820: George IV became the King of England
Mary Todd Lincoln, Wife of Pre
Brief biography of Abraham Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, who was controversial in her own time and remains a largely misunderstood figure today.
Brief biography of Abraham Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, who was controversial in her own time and remains a largely misunderstood figure today.
Otto von Bismarck, the Iron Ch
The great Prussian diplomat and political strategist Otto von Bismarck provoked several wars while engaging in his life's work of unifying Germany in the late 1800s.
The great Prussian diplomat and political strategist Otto von Bismarck provoked several wars while engaging in his life's work of unifying Germany in the late 1800s.
Constructing the Cables on the Brooklyn Bridge was Exacting and Perilous
The work of suspending the cables on the Brooklyn Bridge had to be precise and it was complicated by being done high up on the bridge, in all kinds of weather.
The work of suspending the cables on the Brooklyn Bridge had to be precise and it was complicated by being done high up on the bridge, in all kinds of weather.
The United States Fought Wars
The United States fought a naval war against North African pirates during the administration of Thomas Jefferson. For more than a decade, the young country had paid tribute to the pirates to allow American ships to proceed without being attacked, but Thomas Jefferson called a halt to the tribute payments. The US Navy, and the US Marines, fought the Barbary Pirates and eventually put an end to their days of attacking civilian ships.
The United States fought a naval war against North African pirates during the administration of Thomas Jefferson. For more than a decade, the young country had paid tribute to the pirates to allow American ships to proceed without being attacked, but Thomas Jefferson called a halt to the tribute payments. The US Navy, and the US Marines, fought the Barbary Pirates and eventually put an end to their days of attacking civilian ships.
The Brooklyn Bridge Under Construction
This stereograph card shows the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge before the four massive suspension cables were strung between them.
This stereograph card shows the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge before the four massive suspension cables were strung between them.
Portrait Showing Strains of War
Abraham Lincoln seemed to show the strain of the Civil War in this iconic portrait by Alexander Gardner.
Abraham Lincoln seemed to show the strain of the Civil War in this iconic portrait by Alexander Gardner.
Gettysburg Address Text
In November 1863 President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks at the dedication of a cemetery
In November 1863 President Abraham Lincoln was invited to deliver remarks at the dedication of a cemetery
The Battle of Bull Run
The Battle of Bull Run was considered a defeat for the Union, and it destroyed any hope that the war would be short and easy.
The Battle of Bull Run was considered a defeat for the Union, and it destroyed any hope that the war would be short and easy.
Abraham and Tad Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln seemed to enjoy posing for some portraits, such as this image of him with his son Tad.
Abraham Lincoln seemed to enjoy posing for some portraits, such as this image of him with his son Tad.
1840-1850 Timeline
The 1840s were marked by the Mexican War, the discovery of gold in California, and the launch of the ill-fated Franklin Expedition.
The 1840s were marked by the Mexican War, the discovery of gold in California, and the launch of the ill-fated Franklin Expedition.
Freedmen's Bureau
Definition of Freedmen's Bureau
Definition of Freedmen's Bureau
Slavery in America
Slavery was legal under the U.S. Constitution in the early 19th century and controversy over it would split the nation and eventually lead to an extremely costly Civil War.
Slavery was legal under the U.S. Constitution in the early 19th century and controversy over it would split the nation and eventually lead to an extremely costly Civil War.
The Opening of the Brooklyn Bridge Was a Time of Great Celebration
This illustration from an illustrated newspaper shows how the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge was a cause of great celebration.
This illustration from an illustrated newspaper shows how the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge was a cause of great celebration.
Forty Acres and a Mule
Definition of Forty Acres and a Mule
Definition of Forty Acres and a Mule
Why Is Election Day on a Tuesd
The tradition of holding America's presidential election on a Tuesday in November began in the 1800s, and was established in law in the 1840s.
The tradition of holding America's presidential election on a Tuesday in November began in the 1800s, and was established in law in the 1840s.
Irish Rebellions of the 1800s
Ireland was marked by a series of rebellions throughout the 1800s as the Irish fought against British rule.
Ireland was marked by a series of rebellions throughout the 1800s as the Irish fought against British rule.
Famous Murders of the 19th Cen
The 19th century had its share of famous murders, including the Lizzie Borden murder case, the Lincoln assassination, and the murder of Helen Jewett.
The 19th century had its share of famous murders, including the Lizzie Borden murder case, the Lincoln assassination, and the murder of Helen Jewett.
Was Abraham Lincoln Really a W
President Abraham Lincoln was a very good wrestler as a youth and his wrestling exploits were used during his presidential campaign in 1860 and became part of the Lincoln legend.
President Abraham Lincoln was a very good wrestler as a youth and his wrestling exploits were used during his presidential campaign in 1860 and became part of the Lincoln legend.
1807 US Slave Trade Act
The United States Constitution mandated that no law prohibiting the importation of slaves could be passed until 1808. And the US Congress and President Thomas Jefferson passed a law in early 1807 that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade on January 1, 1808.
The United States Constitution mandated that no law prohibiting the importation of slaves could be passed until 1808. And the US Congress and President Thomas Jefferson passed a law in early 1807 that would outlaw the trans-Atlantic slave trade on January 1, 1808.
Financial Panics of the 1800s
A summary of the financial panics which periodically devastated the American economy throughout the 19th century.
A summary of the financial panics which periodically devastated the American economy throughout the 19th century.
The Road to the Civil War
America's road to Civil War stretched for decades as regional conflict, centered on the issue of slavery, threatened to split the Union. Learn about America's long road to Civil War.
America's road to Civil War stretched for decades as regional conflict, centered on the issue of slavery, threatened to split the Union. Learn about America's long road to Civil War.
Native Soldiers
Gallery of vintage images of British India in the 19th century, including this lithograph depicting the Madras Army.
Gallery of vintage images of British India in the 19th century, including this lithograph depicting the Madras Army.
Johnstown Flood
The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889 was the biggest news story to hit American since the Civil War. More than 2,000 people were killed when a wall of water sped down a valley and devastated an industrial town in western Pennsylvania, in calamity that was, by most accounts, avoidable.
The Johnstown Flood of May 31, 1889 was the biggest news story to hit American since the Civil War. More than 2,000 people were killed when a wall of water sped down a valley and devastated an industrial town in western Pennsylvania, in calamity that was, by most accounts, avoidable.
Era of Good Feelings
Definition of Era of Good Feelings
Definition of Era of Good Feelings
The Brooklyn Bridge was a Fascinating Sight While Being Built
Images of New York's famed Brooklyn Bridge fascinated the public while it was still under construction. No structure so large or brilliantly designed had ever been constructed, and the largest bridge on earth was a star even before its roadway was hung from its four massive suspension cables.
Images of New York's famed Brooklyn Bridge fascinated the public while it was still under construction. No structure so large or brilliantly designed had ever been constructed, and the largest bridge on earth was a star even before its roadway was hung from its four massive suspension cables.
Abraham Lincoln's 1863 Proclam
A campaign to make Thanksgiving a national holiday finally succeeded when Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for a national day of Thanksgiving at the height of the Civil War, in 1863. Prior to that, Thanksgiving was a regional holiday, celebrated mostly in the northeast and on different days in different states.
A campaign to make Thanksgiving a national holiday finally succeeded when Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for a national day of Thanksgiving at the height of the Civil War, in 1863. Prior to that, Thanksgiving was a regional holiday, celebrated mostly in the northeast and on different days in different states.
John Muir, Naturalist Whose Wr
Scottish-born John Muir was a strong advocate for the US National Parks in the 19th century.
Scottish-born John Muir was a strong advocate for the US National Parks in the 19th century.
Statue of Liberty and Immigration
The Statue of Liberty was not originally a symbol of immigration. Read the story of how a poem by Emma Lazarus eventually would give deeper meaning to the statue and help make it an enduring symbol for oppressed people finding a new life in America.
The Statue of Liberty was not originally a symbol of immigration. Read the story of how a poem by Emma Lazarus eventually would give deeper meaning to the statue and help make it an enduring symbol for oppressed people finding a new life in America.
Timeline from 1810 to 1820
Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1810: May 23, 1810: Margaret Fuller , editor, writer, and feminist
Decade By Decade: Timelines of the 1800s 1810: May 23, 1810: Margaret Fuller , editor, writer, and feminist
Gigantic Anchorage Structures Held the Four Massive Suspension Cables
This image of the Brooklyn anchorage of the Brooklyn Bridge illustrate what actually made the bridge work: enormous cables anchored at either end would carry the weight of the roadway.
This image of the Brooklyn anchorage of the Brooklyn Bridge illustrate what actually made the bridge work: enormous cables anchored at either end would carry the weight of the roadway.
Plot to Burn New York
Confederate agents plotted to burn New York City in late 1864, and the plot failed though a number of hotels and theaters were set on fire in one hectic night.
Confederate agents plotted to burn New York City in late 1864, and the plot failed though a number of hotels and theaters were set on fire in one hectic night.
The Abolitionist Movement
The abolitionists were considered a fringe element in American life, yet they persisted in the struggle to end slavery.
The abolitionists were considered a fringe element in American life, yet they persisted in the struggle to end slavery.
Frederick Douglass Biography
Concise biography of Frederick Douglass, whose life was emblematic of the struggle of slaves and former slaves in 19th century America.
Concise biography of Frederick Douglass, whose life was emblematic of the struggle of slaves and former slaves in 19th century America.
Why Lewis and Clark Explored
: Why did the Lewis and Clark Expedition Cross North America? Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and
: Why did the Lewis and Clark Expedition Cross North America? Meriwether Lewis and William Clark and
Compromises Delayed the Civil War
Notable compromises in the 1800s delayed the Civil War by holding the Union together despite the critical issue of slavery. The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and 1854's Kansas-Nebraska Act essentially postponed the sectional split that eventually became the Civil War.
Notable compromises in the 1800s delayed the Civil War by holding the Union together despite the critical issue of slavery. The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and 1854's Kansas-Nebraska Act essentially postponed the sectional split that eventually became the Civil War.
James Buchanan and Secession
President James Buchanan faced a horrendous problem as his term came to an end after the election of Abraham Lincoln: the southern states began to leave the Union.
President James Buchanan faced a horrendous problem as his term came to an end after the election of Abraham Lincoln: the southern states began to leave the Union.
Supernatural and Spooky Events
The 19th century featured a strong presence of the supernatural, despite being a period obsessed with science and technology. These are some of the noteworthy supernatural and spooky events of the 1800s.
The 19th century featured a strong presence of the supernatural, despite being a period obsessed with science and technology. These are some of the noteworthy supernatural and spooky events of the 1800s.
Victoria: The Queen Who Define
Queen Victoria ruled Great Britain for six decades, and her life in some ways defined the 1800s.
Queen Victoria ruled Great Britain for six decades, and her life in some ways defined the 1800s.
Morrill Tariff and Civil War
Some people claim a forgotten law, the Morrill Tariff, was the real cause of the American Civil War. Is this true? What is the real story?
Some people claim a forgotten law, the Morrill Tariff, was the real cause of the American Civil War. Is this true? What is the real story?
The Spoils System
Definition of The Spoils System
Definition of The Spoils System
A Christmas Carol by Charles D
Why and how Charles Dickens wrote his classic story A Christmas Carol, the tale of Ebeneezer Scrooge and his encounters with the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and Yet to Come.
Why and how Charles Dickens wrote his classic story A Christmas Carol, the tale of Ebeneezer Scrooge and his encounters with the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and Yet to Come.
Reconstruction
Definition of Reconstruction
Definition of Reconstruction
Arlington Cemetery Founding
Arlington National Cemetery was founded during the Civil War, on the site of Robert E. Lee's former home.
Arlington National Cemetery was founded during the Civil War, on the site of Robert E. Lee's former home.
William Seward
William Seward was a political rival of Abraham Lincoln who became secretary of state in the Lincoln administration and skillfully guided American foreign policy during the Civil War.
William Seward was a political rival of Abraham Lincoln who became secretary of state in the Lincoln administration and skillfully guided American foreign policy during the Civil War.
Jefferson Davis: Significant F
The facts one needs to know about Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America.
The facts one needs to know about Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America.
Images of British India
Gallery of vintage images of British India in the 19th century.
Gallery of vintage images of British India in the 19th century.
The Brooklyn Bridge's Temporary Footbridge Fascinated the Public
Images such as this, of the Brooklyn Bridge's temporary footbridge, fascinated the public in the 1870s.
Images such as this, of the Brooklyn Bridge's temporary footbridge, fascinated the public in the 1870s.
19th Century Disasters
The 19th century was a time of great progress but was also marked by major disasters.
The 19th century was a time of great progress but was also marked by major disasters.
Duels of the 19th Century
The most famous duel was that held between Aaron Burr, the Vice President of the United States, and Alexander Hamilton, who had served as the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury.
The most famous duel was that held between Aaron Burr, the Vice President of the United States, and Alexander Hamilton, who had served as the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas of
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois is best remembered for the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates, but he was also one of the most influential figures in the US government in the 1850s, and played a crucial role in legislation that propelled the United States toward the Civil War.
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois is best remembered for the famed Lincoln-Douglas debates, but he was also one of the most influential figures in the US government in the 1850s, and played a crucial role in legislation that propelled the United States toward the Civil War.
American System
Definition of American System
Definition of American System
Ireland's Daniel O'Connell
The Irish statesman Daniel OâConnell exerted great influence on the relations between the Irish people
The Irish statesman Daniel OâConnell exerted great influence on the relations between the Irish people
The History of Christmas: Many
The history of Christmas celebrations really began in the 19th century, when Santa Claus and Christmas trees became popular thanks to such characters as Clement Clarke Moore, Washington Irving, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, cartoonist Thomas Nast, and President Benjamin Harrison.
The history of Christmas celebrations really began in the 19th century, when Santa Claus and Christmas trees became popular thanks to such characters as Clement Clarke Moore, Washington Irving, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, cartoonist Thomas Nast, and President Benjamin Harrison.
Lizzie Borden Was Accused of A
The trial of Lizzie Borden for the axe murders of her father and stepmother in 1892 was a sensation. Newspapers followed the case closely, and the Lizzie Borden case led to decades of speculation, not to mention a popular playground rhyme.
The trial of Lizzie Borden for the axe murders of her father and stepmother in 1892 was a sensation. Newspapers followed the case closely, and the Lizzie Borden case led to decades of speculation, not to mention a popular playground rhyme.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international celebrity even before he succeeded in uniting Italy.
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi became an international celebrity even before he succeeded in uniting Italy.
Queen Victoria and Indian Servants
Gallery of vintage images of British India in the 19th century, including a photograph of Queen Victoria with Indian servants
Gallery of vintage images of British India in the 19th century, including a photograph of Queen Victoria with Indian servants
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894 stopped trains across America and the strike was broken by the U.S. Army forces deployed in American cities.
The Pullman Strike of 1894 stopped trains across America and the strike was broken by the U.S. Army forces deployed in American cities.
Classic Irish History Books
Classic books by 19th century Irish historians are available for free on the web by accessing these convenient links.
Classic books by 19th century Irish historians are available for free on the web by accessing these convenient links.
Stepping Onto the Temporary Footbridge of the Brooklyn Bridge Took Nerve
Stepping onto this temporary wooden walkway connecting the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge required nerves of steel.
Stepping onto this temporary wooden walkway connecting the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge required nerves of steel.