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Settling Australia
At the beginning of the 19th century, Australia was a distant penal colony to which Great Britain sent convicts from England and Ireland. Over time settlement to free parts of Australia became attractive, and many thousands of immigrants chose to cross vast oceans to create a new life "down under."
Transportation to Australia
This page at the Irish National Archives uses "transportation" in a legal sense. The British government had sent convicts to the American colonies, but following American independence, criminals and rebels from England and Ireland were sent to Australia. The National Archives in Dublin has a searchable database of the Irish sentenced to "transportation."